Which statement best describes a medieval motet?

• A. A polyphonic piece featuring a tenor line derived from plainchant with one or more upper voices; the vocal line is often short
• B. A simple homophonic arrangement with a single melody and accompaniment
• C. A sacred choral work using only male voices
• D. A secular instrumental dance

Answer: (A)

Motets from the medieval era are built as polyphonic vocal works centered on a cantus firmus in the tenor. That tenor line carries a plainchant-derived melody and acts as the structural backbone, while one or more upper voices weave independent melodies above it, often with shorter, brisker lines. This combination of a chant-based tenor with additional voices is the defining texture of a medieval motet, distinguishing it from simple hymn-like homophony or instrumental pieces.

So the description fits best because it captures both the polyphonic structure and the chant-derived tenor that anchors the composition. In contrast, other options describe textures or ensembles that don’t match the motet: a single-melody-with-accompaniment setup is not polyphonic; restricting to male voices overlooks the historical use of mixed voicings; and labeling it as an instrumental secular dance ignores its vocal, liturgical roots.