Which term describes music with a single melodic line performed by one voice?

• A. Polyphony
• B. Homophony
• C. Monophony
• D. Unison

Answer: (C)

A single melodic line with no accompanying harmony is described as monophony. In monophony, there is one melody to hear, whether it’s sung by one person or by several voices all following the same line. The key idea is that there isn’t a second, independent melody or chords supporting the line. This sets it apart from polyphony, which features multiple independent melodies intertwined; and from homophony, where a clear melody is supported by chords or accompaniment. Unison involves multiple performers sounding the same pitch at the same time, which is about simultaneous pitch rather than a single melodic line. So a piece described as a single melodic line performed by one voice fits monophony. Gregorian chant is a classic example.