Which term refers to medieval music of the 12th-13th centuries?

• A. Ars Antiqua
• B. Ars Nova
• C. Baroque Period
• D. Battaglia

Answer: (A)

The term for medieval music of the 12th–13th centuries is Ars Antiqua. This period marks the early development of polyphony, with composers like those at the Notre Dame School in Paris expanding chant into multiple independent voices. Rhythmic structure was organized around rhythmic modes rather than fully measured notation, giving a distinctive, modal feel to the music. The typical textures include organum and early discant, laying the groundwork for later musical innovations.

Ars Nova, the later 14th century, brought changes in notation and rhythm, introducing more precise mensural notation and greater rhythmic variety. The Baroque Period is much later, characterized by new tonal harmony and elaborate forms. Battaglia refers to a programmatic or descriptive piece themed on battle rather than a historical period of music.